The Context
The Context
The Context
The Context
HEALTH AND NUTRITION
The Context
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About: The National Health Mission (NHM) is Government of India's (GoI) largest public health programme.
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Budget Highlights: Allocations of Rs 32,995 crore were made for the programme this year.
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Implemented by: NHM is falls under the purview of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW).
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Of Note: The shift in focus to an insurance-based public health care system has meant that the share of NHM funds out of the total MoHFW allocations has declined. Within NHM allocations, the share of funds for the Reproductive Child Health (RCH) Flexipool, which provides for maternal and child health, family planning, has decreased. The share of funds has increased for Health System Strengthening, which funds the adoption of the Indian Public Health Standards, bridging skill gaps with Standard Treatment Protocols, and quality improvement programmes. Within NHM, approvals for infrastructure and administration have increased significantly.
NHM Allocations
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For mobile and tablet viewing of GoI allocations to the National Health Mission, click here.
Figures for all years are Revised Estimates except for FY 2019-2020 which are Budget Estimates.
NHM accounts for 51% of the total MoHFW budget this year, as compared to 55% in the previous year.
Existing health facilities are overburdened, particularly in rural areas. As per official data on hospital beds in government facilities (National Health Profile 2018), the average population served per government hospital bed in rural areas was 2,982. This implies an availability of 0.3 beds per 1,000 people in rural areas. There is an acute shortage of personnel in NHM- run centres. Also, as of March 2018, only 7% of functioning Sub-Centres, 12% of Primary Health Centres and 13% of Community Health Centres met Indian Public Health Standards norms which is the gold standard for the country.
The Ayushman Bharat programme is mandated to make use of the existing NHM infrastructure for its roll out.
Ayushman Bharat: The Context
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About: Ayushman Bharat is GoI’s flagship insurance and wellness programme. It seeks to provide health insurance thus enabling access to quality inpatient secondary and tertiary care to poor and vulnerable families through the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY). As many as 1.5 lakh Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) will also be established under the programme.
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Budget Highlights: The scheme has been allocated Rs 6,400 crore for this year.
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Implemented by: Launched in September 2018, it is being rolled out by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW).
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Of Note: Out of pocket expenditure on medical expenses in India remain substantially high in the country. The situation is worse for people with limited means who incur costly private treatment, increasing their risk to slip below the poverty line. Under PMJAY, all pre-existing diseases are to be covered and empanelled hospitals cannot deny treatment. Also, there are inter-state differences on HWCs. While the number of HWCs operationalised exceeded the number of approved HWCs in states such as Goa and Andhra Pradesh, less than 5% approved HWCs were operational in Himachal Pradesh and West Bengal.
Implementation of the scheme rests with the states, and its design allows flexibility to states on the choice of procedures, packages, entitlements. The scheme allows for portability across the country.
States can also choose their own implementation modalities such as through an insurance company, or directly through the
Trust/Society/Implementation Support Agency or a mixed approach.
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17% of all claims submitted as of 8 February 2019 were from Karnataka, but only 4% of fund release went to the state.
Maps on this page are for illustrative purposes only, and do not represent an institutional stand on the territory of India.
MORE INSIGHTS
For mobile and tablet viewing of map of families selected for PMJAY in percentage, click here.
Union Government Allocations for ICDS
The Context
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About: The Umbrella Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is GoI's flagship programme for providing basic education, health, and nutrition services to children, pregnant and lactating women for early childhood development. Among the services offered are supplementary nutrition, non-formal pre-school education (PSE), immunisation, and health check-ups. Anganwadi Centres are the mainstay of the programme.
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Budget Highlights: Rs 27,584 crore was allocated to Umbrella ICDS this year.
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Implemented by: ICDS is implemented by two ministries for different services i.e. the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW).
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Of Note: ICDS is critical to India's fight against child malnutrition in India. The number of children receiving supplementary nutrition and pre-school education (PSE) has been falling over the years. There are also a large number of staff vacancies. As on June 2018, 25 per cent of sanctioned positions for Child Development Project Officers and 32 per cent of sanctioned positions for Lady Supervisors were vacant across the country
For mobile and tablet viewing of GoI allocations to ICDS, click here.
Figures for all years are Revised Estimates except for FY 2019-2020 which are Budget Estimates.
While GOI allocations for MWCD increased by 18%, allocations for Anganwadi services in ICDS Core increased by 11% between 2018-19 and 2019-20.
Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) express the premature death and disability attributable to a particular cause, and is one way to measure health loss for a person.
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DALYs attributable to child and maternal malnutrition fell from 36% in 1990 to 15% in 2016, driven partly by the increase in non-communicable diseases such as heart ailment and cancer.
However, it continues to be India’s leading risk factor for health loss in 24 out of 30 states for which data was available. This is due largely to malnutrition-related complications.
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MORE INSIGHTS
Map is for illustrative purposes only, and does not represent an institutional stand on the political territory of India.